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A security agency is a governmental organization which conducts intelligence activities for the internal security of a nation. They are the domestic cousins of foreign intelligence agencies, and typically conduct counterintelligence to thwart other countries' foreign intelligence efforts. For example, the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the internal intelligence, security and law enforcement agency, while the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an external intelligence service, which deals primarily with intelligence collection overseas. A similar relationship exists in Britain between MI5 and MI6. The distinction, or overlap, between security agencies, national police, and gendarmerie organizations varies by country. For example, in the United States, one organization, the FBI, is a national police, an internal security agency, and a counterintelligence agency. In other countries, separate agencies exist, although the nature of their work causes them to interact. For example, in France, the Police nationale and the Gendarmerie nationale both handle policing duties, and the Direction centrale du renseignement intérieur handles counterintelligence. Likewise, the distinction, or overlap, between military and civilian security agencies varies between countries. In the United States, the FBI and CIA are civilian agencies, although they have various paramilitary traits and have professional relationships with the U.S.'s military intelligence organizations. In many countries all intelligence efforts answer to the military, whether by official design or at least on a de facto basis. Countries where various military and civilian agencies divide responsibilities tend to reorganize their efforts over the decades to force the various agencies to cooperate more effectively, integrating (or at least coordinating) their efforts with some unified directorate. For example, after many years of turf wars, the member agencies of the U.S. intelligence community are now coordinated by the Director of National Intelligence, with the hope to reduce stovepiping of information. In Ireland, for example, intelligence operations relevant to internal security are conducted by the military (G2) and police (SDU), rather than civilian agencies. Security agencies frequently have "security", "intelligence" or "service" in their names. Private organizations that provide services similar to a security agency might be called a "security company" or "security service", but those terms can also be used for organizations that have nothing to do with intelligence gathering. ==Security agencies== * Armenia: National Security Service (Armenia) * Australia: Australian Security Intelligence Organisation * Bahrain: National Security Agency (Bahrain) * State Security Agency of the Republic of Belarus (KDB or KGB) * Bosnia and Herzegovina: Intelligence-Security Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina * Brunei: Internal Security Department (Brunei) * Canada: Canadian Security Intelligence Service, successor of RCMP Security Service * China: Ministry of State Security (China) * Croatia: Military Security and Intelligence Agency (Croatian: Vojna sigurnosno-obavještajna agencija or VSOA or VSA) * Estonia: Estonian Internal Security Service * East Germany (former): Stasi * European Union: European Union Agency for Network and Information Security (ENISA, originally European Network and Information Security Agency) * France: functions divided between Police nationale, Gendarmerie nationale, and Direction centrale du renseignement intérieur * Germany: Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (Germany) * India: Intelligence Bureau (India) * Ireland: * *Directorate of Military Intelligence (Ireland) * *Special Detective Unit, formerly the Special Branch and before that the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) * Israel: Shin Bet (Israel Security Agency (ISA)) and others: see Israeli Intelligence Community * Japan: Public Security Intelligence Agency (PSIA) * New Zealand: New Zealand Security Intelligence Service * Norway: Norwegian Police Security Service * Poland: Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego * Portugal: * *Sistema de Informações da República Portuguesa (SIRP) * *former: PIDE, or Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado * Russia: * *Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB), successor of Federal Counterintelligence Service (FSK), successor of KGB * *Main Intelligence Directorate (Russia) * Serbia: Military Security Agency (BIA) (Serbian: Безбедносно-информативна агенција, БИА / Bezbednosno-informativna agencija, BIA) * Singapore: Internal Security Department (Singapore) * Slovenia: Slovenian Intelligence and Security Agency * Somalia: National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA) (Somali: Hay'ada Sirdoonka iyo Nabadsugida) * Soviet Union (former): * *Cheka * *State Political Directorate (GPU) * *People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD) which became Ministry for Internal Affairs (MVD) * *People's Commissariat for State Security (NKGB) which became Ministry for State Security (MGB) * *SMERSH * *KGB, Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti (Russian: Комите́т госуда́рственной безопа́сности (КГБ) * South Africa: State Security Agency (South Africa) * Sweden: Swedish Security Service * Ukraine: Security Service of Ukraine * United Kingdom: * *MI5 (also known as the Security Service) * *Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) * United States: * *Central Intelligence Agency * *Central Security Service * *Federal Bureau of Investigation * *National Security Agency 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「security agency」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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